What Are Probiotics? Do They Have an Effect on Constipation?

Probiotics are live microorganisms, often called "good" or "friendly" bacteria, that can provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. They are naturally found in some fermented foods like yogurt and kefir, and are also available as dietary supplements. The theory behind using probiotics for constipation is that they can help restore the balance of gut bacteria (the gut microbiome), which may improve gut motility and stool consistency.

The Effect of Probiotics on Constipation

The evidence for the effectiveness of probiotics in treating childhood constipation is mixed, and research is ongoing. Some studies have shown positive effects, while others have found no significant benefit compared to a placebo.

A systematic review and meta-analysis published in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology journal concluded that probiotics may be beneficial in improving functional constipation in children, noting improvements in stool frequency and consistency [1]. However, the authors also highlighted that the studies were varied and more high-quality research is needed.

Conversely, another major review from Wallace et al, concluded that there is currently insufficient evidence to confidently recommend probiotics for treating childhood constipation [2]. The effectiveness can vary greatly depending on the specific strain of probiotic used, the dosage, and the individual child.

Should You Use Probiotics for Your Child?

Given the mixed evidence, probiotics are not currently recommended as a first-line treatment for childhood constipation by major pediatric gastroenterology societies [3]. The primary and most evidence-based treatments remain laxatives like polyethylene glycol (PEG), along with dietary and behavioral changes.

However, because probiotics are generally considered safe for healthy children, some parents and doctors choose to try them as a supplemental therapy. If you are considering using probiotics for your child's constipation, it is important to discuss it with your healthcare provider first. They can help you choose a reputable product and monitor your child for any effects.

What Are Prebiotics and Postbiotics?

Prebiotics are types of dietary fiber that reach the large intestine undigested and feed the beneficial bacteria living there. As these bacteria consume prebiotics, they multiply and help maintain bowel regularity. Prebiotics are naturally found in foods such as onions, garlic, bananas, leeks, artichokes, oats, and whole grains. Postbiotics, on the other hand, are beneficial compounds produced in the gut as a result of the activity of these bacteria. Short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, are the most well-known examples. It is not possible to obtain postbiotics directly from foods, but consuming prebiotic-rich foods and fermented products (such as yogurt, kefir, and pickles) supports their natural formation in the gut. In addition, supplement forms of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics (in capsules, powders, or drops) are becoming increasingly popular today; however, their use in children should always be guided by a physician.